The differences are minimal. Is it really worth the dollars to buy the Flash XDR? Many other factors may decrease sharpness and increase noise, so will the SDI out really make a difference?

Hi Sverker, it depends on what you are shooting. If you're doing blue or green screen then those differences are extremely important. The additional color information and the reduction in compression can save a shot that isn't perfect, or make good material key even better.

There is of course a limit to what the camera can do, but there is no question that the on-board recording format is the first limitation to the performance of the EX1 or any of the better HDV cameras.

Regards,

Jim Arthurs

First, Sony has answered this 4:2:0 vrs 4:2:2 question, several times;

Third, every time I do an HD-SDI compare to the native codec (as in blue or green screen work), I can clearly SEE the increase in chroma resolution... here's a sample from a clip I had on hand... This is a small crop, enlarge approx. 600%...

http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/EX1_codecVRS8bitUncompressed.png

Look at the borders of the red and white, notices how ragged the 4:2:0 images is compared to the 4:2:2 uncompressed sample. Note also the difference test I added in, which shows the areas where there are significant differences in the image...

Regards,

Jim Arthurs

I can't see a difference here? If this is 600% then what difference would be seen normally? I'd like to see pictures where there is a difference?

Thanks for posting the comparison pics, Jim.

For me, they actually reinforced the point that the differences are minuscule and won't affect anything in practical terms, including green screen work.

600x magnification, and images look just the same to the eye, unless you digitally extract the difference, which seems to be not much either. And to capture this, you'll have to invest 75% more than the cam's cost?

As for using CF cards for media, there's a couple of threads here where people cleverly use EX1 with CF card adapters to record on cheap CF cards. Certain adapter/card combinations work with CF cards, seemingly, without a hitch now.

See work in progress:

http://www.dvinfo.net/conf/sony-xdcam-ex-cinealta/129808-cards-will-will-not-work-ex1-ex3-6.html

http://www.dvinfo.net/conf/sony-xdcam-ex-cinealta/130757-fast-sdhc-memory-ex1-2.html

Back to this thread though... isn't 422 suppose to have 2x more chroma information than 420? If so, how does that difference show, in layman terms?

My greenscreen tests showed zero visible quality difference between the keys made with either footage, SxS vs HD-SDI.

The differences are minimal. Is it really worth the dollars to buy the Flash XDR? Many other factors may decrease sharpness and increase noise, so will the SDI out really make a difference?

In normal conditions, the EX1 gives such an extraordinary good picture that I doubt if such a little difference will be noticeably.

My major concerns are noise in poor lighting conditions and white-outs in good light. Will a HDSDI 422 10-bit address these concerns?

Also keep in mind that the way mpeg2 compression works the more complex a scene the harder the encoder has to work. 35 mbits is a pretty good bitrate that can compensate for a very wide range of complexity but every now and then even that encoder could get stumped ith super fast movement or lots of random detail like blowing leaves or waterfalls. The higher the bitrate the better you will be to make sure most of this stuff will turn out great. Even HDV's 25 mbits is good enough for a talking head locked down shot. In fact broadcast HD at a max of 18 mbits can still look good for a lot of stuff. 50 mbits and 100 mbits makes sure you will never have any surprises with your footage when the situation gets complex.

If you can't see a difference and feel it's so small, stick with the XDCAM codec. Like Jim pointed out, 4:2:2 is your best bet for clean edge green or blue screen work.

But, I certainly can see the difference, especially as Thomas pointed out in more complex scenes.

Working with XDCAM footage over the last year, although it's no doubt one of the best mpeg compression verses data rate, more detailed scenes with motion can show mpeg artifacts. SDI will allow to capture your footage at a higher data rate to minimize these issues and also allow better chroma subsampling (4:2:2).

It's all about if you want the best possible. Certainly XDCAM codec does a great job.

Here is Jim's image showing just the chroma channels.

The way color compression works is that the lower sampling of color was designed so people wouldn't really notice it with the naked eye. The fact that some people just cannot tell isn't a shock to me at all.

When you isolate the chroma channels the way a keyer does you really start to notice the difference. Here you can clearly see there is a difference between 4:2:0 and 4:2:2.


At first I thought maybe the camera was up converting or filtering the chroma channels before it sends it out SDI but I don't think so anymore. The image Jim posted helped confirm it to me.

Look at the thin horizontal line in the upper left of the images. In the 4:2:0 version the line is clearly much thicker. This is because 4:2:0 can never have objects a pixel thin since it really works in blocks that are 2x2 pixels in size. So a thin line will will be twice as thick in the chroma channels in a 4:2:0 image.

If the video was chroma smoother or up sampled you would still end up having blocks of color that are bigger then the pixels on the luma channel. A chroma up sampler doesn't remove extra pixels, it just blurs the chroma channels only or fills in the missing chunks.

On the 4:2:2 version of the image the chroma line is clearly much thinner or what we would expect how it should look compared to the luma channel. Therefore I don't think it was up sampled at all but a true 4:2:2 output from the camera. If it was up sampled that thin line would be much thicker.



With all that garbage said however people have made a very valid point that 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 doesn't have to be a deal breaker. In many case even for keying 4:2:0 will give some pretty darn impressive results. In my experience as a compositor after I up sample the chroma about the only thing I get is a bit of color bleed on edges due to the larger cover area of the chroma pixels.

Thomas, Jim's EX1 sample is an excellent example of 4:2:0 vs 4:2:2 from the EX1.

Thanks for digging this up.

It's worth mentioning again that the advantages of 4:2:2 over 4:2:0 are far greater with an interlace system than a progressive one - I'm assuming the images we've seen posted are from a progressive original?

Remember that when digital component video first came about, video was interlace, period. Hence the reasoning behind halving chroma resolution horizontally, but not vertically.

Funny that no one brings up motion artifacts, except for the allusions made by Thomas Smet. As far as I'm concerned, the 35Mbps bitrate from the EX1 is more than satisfactory UNTIL the camera starts panning, vertically or horizontally. As Thomas points out, it's in full frame motion(like a pan) where 35 mbps gets overwhelmed by the amount of compression it needs to do. Image blurring, aka motion artifacts become painfully apparent, especially on fine detail. Compression rates on the order of 50-100 mbps effectively reduce the amount of compression by 1/3-2/3rds, and hopefully, the motion artifacts. This has nothing to do, really, with chroma sampling rate or chroma keying. At least, this is my biggest hope for the nanoFlash I've ordered.

Please don't tell me to reduce my pan rate. I know the arguement, it's valid, up to a point. Motion artifacts can occur in other instances where in frame motion is a big part of the image frame.

A VERY vaild point David!

I hear you Bill.

Shooting seaside footage of water movement can show mpeg macroblocking with XDCAM codec.

I'm looking forward to Portable SDI capture devices for the best quality possible.
Even capturing at 50mb/s will offer cleaner mpeg artifacts.

If you can't see a difference and feel it's so small, stick with the XDCAM codec. Like Jim pointed out, 4:2:2 is your best bet for clean edge green or blue screen work.

But, I certainly can see the difference, especially as Thomas pointed out in more complex scenes.

Working with XDCAM footage over the last year, although it's no doubt one of the best mpeg compression verses data rate, more detailed scenes with motion can show mpeg artifacts. SDI will allow to capture your footage at a higher data rate to minimize these issues and also allow better chroma subsampling (4:2:2).

It's all about if you want the best possible. Certainly XDCAM codec does a great job.

Well for someone like me who cant see a difference at least nothing that could ever matter I would love to see Bills suggestion about panning and some real life examples of where there is a real difference otherwise to me there is nothing I could say proves there is a difference. No ones going to spend thousands on someone saying that Oh yes there is when so far there clearly isnt? Not trying to be argumentative just trying to get some evidence?

Mark,
I'm sure you will find Bill is a fan of the EX1. He owns one and has offered a lot to these forums

What I'm finding is it's hard to write in a few sentences without someone misinterpreting someones thoughts.

Mpeg artifacts are not real noticeable with the XDCAM. There's no doubt that XDCAM 35mb/s is probably "good enough". The real discussion is when your looking to get the best possible from the EX1.

We can't help this stuff man.... We all have the strive for the best possible disease. No doubt this is why we own the EX1. I'm still floored on the quality coming off of this camera.

Mark, I agree that more practical tests are needed.

The more data, the clearer the picture will be.

We all agree that 422 HD-SDI was *supposed* to be so much better than the internal SxS MPEG-compressed recording, in theory.

Let's see clear evidence of that with EX1, on practical footage.

A bit of history: I actually was one of the first people to positively confirm that Sony FX1 did output uncompressed video out of it's Component connector. I was then the first one (correct me if wrong) who actually built a device to capture it that way. I used it to shoot a HD short back in 2006. It was covered by the press, and Sony engineers called me numerous times to see how I did it. So I'd like to think that I know what I'm talking about, usually.

My own point has always been that we should always try to capture at the highest quality that can be afforded.

Now, with EX1, I thought the same: surely HD-SDI out should be significantly better in both compression artifacts and color fidelity.

And then, my tests did not show any difference, to my surprise.

The image, especially in terms of no motion artifacts, was so much better with both FX1 (live out of Component) and V1U (live out of HDMI). But not with EX1.

Thus it'd be useful to see more tests by others, if possible. Maybe I'm doing something wrong. Or maybe there really isn't a discernible difference w EX1 (again, we are talking practical applications, not theory, please... I'd like to see something that can actually be appreciated by viewing on-screen as part of the moving images.)

I've tested a PDW-700 which is 4:2:2 at 50Mbps and an EX3 side by side under controlled conditions and I can tell you there is very little difference in the pictures that these cameras record. Is the EX1/3's HDSDi 4:2:2 or 4:2:0? I don't know. What I do know is that the images coming out of this camera are simply amazing. There are many cameras out there with full 4:2:2 HDSDi that cost an awful lot more than the EX1, yet the pictures are not as good. Don't read too much into the numbers, look at the pictures and make your quality judgement that way.

I've been using the XDCAM codec for 3 years and it is very robust. The difference between the uncompressed and compressed images has always been very very small. The XDCAM version of MPEG 2 is remarkably robust, much more so than HDV.

A bit of history: I actually was one of the first people to positively confirm that Sony FX1 did output uncompressed video out of it's Component connector. I was then the first one (correct me if wrong) who actually built a device to capture it that way. I used it to shoot a HD short back in 2006.


Amazing discovery. Would such be the case for a Z1 as well? I have an EX1 as well, but darn it, I just sold my Black Magic Intensity Pro card thinking that I would be moving on to HD-SDI and the new Matrox box.

I'm surprised David from Cineform hasn't post yet, so I'll fill in a bit for him.

I sent him an uncompressed capture from HD-SDI through a Kona card. 10 frames of 1920 x 1080 60i. He wanted 60i to make it easier to distinguish the chroma sampling. We settled on a red Sharpie cap moving in front of a blue background to give the clearest chroma reference.

"I think it is 4:2:2. I can't see how a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 will generate to amount of chroma information. I realize now that a more detail object would have made it easier to tell, the noise characteristic is not one of 4:2:0 interpolated to 4:2:2." David Newman, Cineform

So the conclusion is - probably 4:2:2 native. Or some really clever 4:2:0 conversion.

Also, partly because it's informative and partly because everyone is going to ask anyway, I've included a frame from the clip I sent to David and a clip of the same setup captured in HQ to SxS card.

I say partly informative because this is a shallow depth of field shot of a pen waving around and it's interlace, so focus/resolution is a bit mushed.

That said, there is a clear advantage to the HD-SDI shot. Quieter, cleaner, with a finer tooth to the interlace yuck. This advantage comes from avoiding MPEG macro blocking and the 30 something to 1 compression on the SxS card as well as 4.2.0 vs 4.2.2.

Watching the clips in motion, the twice per second softening usually visible in high motion shots on SxS captures is gone in the uncompressed clip.

On the secondary question of whether the nanoFlash will be useful, I think it should improve high motion shots and be much easier to haul around than a Mac Pro with RAID.

I always find it interesting how much people differ in their approach to things. I have always been a pretty big techie, sometimes that's a plus, sometimes not so much so. All I can ever do is offer my opinion...yes O-P-I-N-I-O-N. I will leave proof to the reader. If you are happy with the results you're seeing, I envy you because, in the end, this profession/hobby will cost you much less than it costs me...LOL

At the risk of repeating myself, my opinion of capturing 10-bit 4:2:2 at 100mbps vs. native capture of 8-bit 4:2:0 at 35mbps, has absolutely nothing to do with 4:2:2 vs 4:2:0. It's all about the mathematics of squeezing quality out of 35mbps worth of data vs. 100mbps worth of data. As a clue to what this might be like, I invite anyone with Avid or DVCPROHD to compare the same footage from DVCPRO50 to DVCPROHD(100mbps). If you see a difference, then you will see an even bigger difference with (nano)Flash. Let me tell you, after a summer of doing 16mm film transfers(which was done at 2k 4:4:4), there is a HUGE difference. However, for anyone who never strays far from their 1600x1200 computer monitor, you'll never SEE the difference. Hell, I can see the difference between DNx115 and DNX175 on a production monitor. It stands out like a slap in the face. Not to mention DNx220 or even Red's 4k images.

Vive la differance!

Would such be the case for a Z1 as well? I have an EX1 as well, but darn it, I just sold my Black Magic Intensity Pro card thinking that I would be moving on to HD-SDI and the new Matrox box.

Yes. Please note that the difference with FX1/Z1/V1 is only evident if you capture *live* footage (not off the tape.)

However EX1's video quality is so much better than all the previous cameras in this price range. I even sold my V1U (a great camera on its own) because I wasn't happy how the video was intercutting between it and EX1.

I'm surprised David form Cineform hasn't post yet, so I'll fill in a bit for him.

I sent him an uncompressed capture from HD-SDI through a Kona card. 10 frames of 1920 x 1080 60i. He wanted 60i to make it easier to distinguish the chroma sampling. We settled on a red Sharpie cap moving in front of a blue background to give the clearest chroma reference.

"I think it is 4:2:2. I can't see how a 4:2:0 to 4:2:2 will generate to amount of chroma information. I realize now that a more detail object would have made it easier to tell, the noise characteristic is not one of 4:2:0 interpolated to 4:2:2." David Newman, Cineform

So the conclusion is - probably 4:2:2 native. Or some really clever 4:2:0 conversion.

Also, partly because it's informative and partly because everyone is going to ask anyway, I've included a frame from the clip I sent to David and a clip of the same setup captured in HQ to SxS card.

I say partly informative because this is a shallow depth of field shot of a pen waving around and it's interlace, so focus/resolution is a bit mushed.

That said, there is a clear advantage to the HD-SDI shot. Quieter, cleaner, with a finer tooth to the interlace yuck. This advantage comes from avoiding MPEG macro blocking and the 30 something to 1 compression on the SxS card as well as 4.2.0 vs 4.2.2.

Watching the clips in motion, the twice per second softening usually visible in high motion shots on SxS captures is gone in the uncompressed clip.

On the secondary question of whether the nanoFlash will be useful, I think it should improve high motion shots and be much easier to haul around than a Mac Pro with RAID.

I found pretty much the same thing as David Newman. I posted my results on page 4 of this thread and used the image Jim posted. From what I understand of creating image processing programs there is no way to upsample the chroma to get it to look as good as the 4:2:2 sample.

I always find it interesting how much people differ in their approach to things. I have always been a pretty big techie, sometimes that's a plus, sometimes not so much so. All I can ever do is offer my opinion...yes O-P-I-N-I-O-N. I will leave proof to the reader. If you are happy with the results you're seeing, I envy you because, in the end, this profession/hobby will cost you much less than it costs me...LOL

At the risk of repeating myself, my opinion of capturing 10-bit 4:2:2 at 100mbps vs. native capture of 8-bit 4:2:0 at 35mbps, has absolutely nothing to do with 4:2:2 vs 4:2:0. It's all about the mathematics of squeezing quality out of 35mbps worth of data vs. 100mbps worth of data. As a clue to what this might be like, I invite anyone with Avid or DVCPROHD to compare the same footage from DVCPRO50 to DVCPROHD(100mbps). If you see a difference, then you will see an even bigger difference with (nano)Flash. Let me tell you, after a summer of doing 16mm film transfers, there is a HUGE difference. However, for anyone who never strays far from their 1600x1200 computer monitor, you'll never SEE the difference. Hell, I can see the difference between DNx115 and DNX175 on a production monitor. It stands out like a slap in the face. Not to mention DNx220 or even Red's 4k images.

Vive la differance!

Bill HDSDI is 420? Thats the title of this thread? I'd like to know for sure whether it is or not and so far nothing shown proves anything? Or am I getting somehing wrong here?

Yes. Please note that the difference with FX1/Z1/V1 is only evident if you capture *live* footage (not off the tape.)


Noted. Your discovery is exciting. I gave up doing certain types of video due to the Z1's motion artifacts.

Gints, gald to be of help. Z1/FX1's video is really easy to break. (Unless you are capturing live from Component out, in which case it does not have much motion artifacts. I even posted comparison video caps Tape vs Live Component out here a couple years ago.)

V1 also not the best - I did a test at NY intersection, zoomed in so 2/3 of the car's length would take the whole screen. With cars (relatively slowly) moving in different directions in the background, and people doing the same in the foreground, the image fell apart a couple of times real bad.

I assume this was one of the situations when codec could not predict the motion, and thus could not cope.

When Adam Wilt said that EX1 is much better and it's virtually impossible to break its image, I could not believe it. Would 35Mbs vs 25Mbs really make much difference? Apparently it did :)

Perhaps a bit late in this discussion to be pointing this out however I do recall Sony saying the SDI signal is derived from the camera's component outputs. If correct then the signal has been though a chroma smoothing process in the D->A converters.
Avid has long maintained that the best way to capture DV is via component from a VCR so equiped. Clearly the VCR cannot put back that which the DV compression lost so the same result can be achieved in post.
Even if what is coming out the SDI port is from 4:2:0 processed video that's been resampled into 4:2:2 the critical question for keying is how much chroma resolution is available, not the sampling scheme.

Bill HDSDI is 420? Thats the title of this thread? I'd like to know for sure whether it is or not and so far nothing shown proves anything? Or am I getting somehing wrong here?

???

You're joking right?

Bill HDSDI is 420? Thats the title of this thread? I'd like to know for sure whether it is or not and so far nothing shown proves anything? Or am I getting somehing wrong here?

...............sigh.........................

???

You're joking right?

I'm sorry if you feel I am joking about whether the live feed of the HDSDI OUT although I'm not sure why this could be seen as a joke.

I can't see a difference between Jim Arthurs pics? I have been told however that in panning there would be a difference and all I ask is evidence to show this

I can't see a difference between Jim Arthurs pics? I have been told however that in panning there would be a difference and all I ask is evidence to show this

Now Mark, no offence meant - but what equipment are you watching Jim's pics on? The difference is striking!

Ever since I equipped my editing work-post with the 50" HDTV plasma, hanging above my computer monitor - I can watch virtually every pixel of the gorgeous EX1's output.

But since the better is the good's enemy, I am looking forward to use the NanoFlash for an even better HD experience. This is why the 4:2:0 vs 4:2:2 debate is so important to me.

However, even with the difference in Jim's comparison being evident, you're right we still haven't arrived at a 100% certain conclusion. Mike of Converget Design has promised his engineer would provide us with some, but we're still waiting.

Let's assume now that - as Bob suggests - the SDI signal goes through some processing, and "what is coming out the SDI port is from 4:2:0 processed video that's been resampled into 4:2:2". But even then the processing is doing its thing very well!

Add to it no macroblocking or mosquito noise (due to much more relaxed compression), and the nanoFlash is still a worthy upgrade. Now, if it turns out that the SDI output is a "true" 4:2:2 - the better for us! Especially for those, whose ego feels better when all specs are the best possible, also on paper - especially when it comes to spending more money...

Oh, and one more thing: we have witnessed many instances of pure incompetence from Sony "reps"; on the other hand what higher-rank Sony's officers like Mr. Martinez were saying, always proved to be right so far; why not believe in what he said this time?

Hi Piotr

Thanks But Im still puzzled? Ive downloaded the image and zoomed in? By zooming in surely I am compensating although maybe I'm missing something here again? Im starting to wonder if there really isnt a true 422 and even whether a faster bit rate is making much discernable difference? At least this is the picture Im seeing at the moment.. I fully expect though to be able to see a difference being demonstrated and am eager for that. But certainly at this moment in time I wouldnt take a gamble there even was one certainly not on what Ive seen so far.

Look at the thin horizontal line in the upper left of the images. In the 4:2:0 version the line is clearly much thicker. This is because 4:2:0 can never have objects a pixel thin since it really works in blocks that are 2x2 pixels in size. So a thin line will will be twice as thick in the chroma channels in a 4:2:0 image.

If the video was chroma smoother or up sampled you would still end up having blocks of color that are bigger then the pixels on the luma channel. A chroma up sampler doesn't remove extra pixels, it just blurs the chroma channels only or fills in the missing chunks.

On the 4:2:2 version of the image the chroma line is clearly much thinner or what we would expect how it should look compared to the luma channel. Therefore I don't think it was up sampled at all but a true 4:2:2 output from the camera. If it was up sampled that thin line would be much thicker.

Nice work, Thomas. Looking at the images side by side, one can see better edge definition throughout the frame. That helps pull cleaner keys of course, but as Bill alluded to, the lack of mpeg compression on the HDSDI output will also have a positive effect on image quality. Bottom line to this whole discussion is that the HDSDI is going to give you the most 'pristine' image you can get from the camera when captured live.

Piotr

I zoomed in 400x on the line in the left hand corner and this is the image I'm getting. I think its obvious which is which so obviously the HDSDI Output is giving better quality is this the difference your seeing?

You'll need to download it and zoom in

Mark, there is no need to look that deep into these pictures - just take a look at the foreground red areas, and specifically compare:

- macro-blocking inside them
- edge definition between them, and the neighbouring whites
- the thin horizontal line (of red on white background)

I hope you can see it now :)

No sorry cant see a difference on this screen. However I have to now agree there is quite a difference Obviously not one I can apreciate on my limited resolution. But I really should invest in a decent HD monitor. I'd be interested in seeing more tests done still and am now interested much more in the Nanoflash. I know its cheap compared to whats gone before. Just wish it was a bit cheaper still!

Looking at the images side by side, one can see better edge definition throughout the frame. That helps pull cleaner keys of course, but as Bill alluded to, the lack of mpeg compression on the HDSDI output will also have a positive effect on image quality.

Let's not forget that, while the HD-SDI output is "uncompressed", when it gets recorded by (nano)Flash, it's being mpeg compressed. Just not as much as in the native EX1 scenario.

Let's not forget that, while the HD-SDI output is "uncompressed", when it gets recorded by (nano)Flash, it's being mpeg compressed. Just not as much as in the native EX1 scenario.

Exactly - and, while before the 420 vs 422 hype started, I was aiming at the 50Mbps, 422 format as my "sweet" nanoFlash setting (with direct HD422 MXF support in Vegas), I'm afraid that with more goodies coming from relaxed compression than colour sampling, we might need the 100Mbps to really get what we're after... With the I-frame only, 160Mbps for "special purposes" only.

As to the uncompressed (only available on the bigger XDR box), I personally think I don't need it - with all the storage requirements being an overkill, considering my real editing scenarios.

Let's not forget that, while the HD-SDI output is "uncompressed", when it gets recorded by (nano)Flash, it's being mpeg compressed. Just not as much as in the native EX1 scenario.

Sorry Bill, I wasn't clear. I was actually referring to the uncompressed samples captured directly to a Blackmagic or Kona card when I made that statement, though I understand you were referring to the lesser compression that will be offered via Nanoflash. In either case, the macroblocking will be minimized.

-gb-

Nice work, Thomas. Looking at the images side by side, one can see better edge definition throughout the frame. That helps pull cleaner keys of course

Yes, that image alone easliy shows 4:2:0 vs 4:2:2 difference.

Perhaps a bit late in this discussion to be pointing this out however I do recall Sony saying the SDI signal is derived from the camera's component outputs. If correct then the signal has been though a chroma smoothing process in the D->A converters.
Avid has long maintained that the best way to capture DV is via component from a VCR so equiped. Clearly the VCR cannot put back that which the DV compression lost so the same result can be achieved in post.
Even if what is coming out the SDI port is from 4:2:0 processed video that's been resampled into 4:2:2 the critical question for keying is how much chroma resolution is available, not the sampling scheme.

Hi Bob-
The live HD-SDI (or HDMI, for that matter) output is derived from an internal video processing chip, which gets it's input from the image sensor A/D converter. The output of the video processing chip is simultaneously fed to the analog encoder (analog component output) and the HD-SDI (or HDMI) driver circuit. So, the HD-SDI/HDMI output has not seen any analog processing except for the original A/D conversion off the CMOS/CCD sensor(s).

Also, just to clarify another point of confusion, HD-SDI is always, always 4:2:2 10-bit, full-raster (1920x1080 or 1280x720). No other formats are permitted. Yes, the video stream may have originated in another format (such as HDV which is 1440x1080 4:2:0 8-bit), but it absolutely has to be scaled, upsampled or appended with 2 lower (zero) bits (to go from 8-bit to 10-bit) accordingly to meet the HD-SDI specifications. There are no exceptions permitted!

Funny that no one brings up motion artifacts, except for the allusions made by Thomas Smet. As far as I'm concerned, the 35Mbps bitrate from the EX1 is more than satisfactory UNTIL the camera starts panning, vertically or horizontally. As Thomas points out, it's in full frame motion(like a pan) where 35 mbps gets overwhelmed by the amount of compression it needs to do. Image blurring, aka motion artifacts become painfully apparent, especially on fine detail. Compression rates on the order of 50-100 mbps effectively reduce the amount of compression by 1/3-2/3rds, and hopefully, the motion artifacts. This has nothing to do, really, with chroma sampling rate or chroma keying. At least, this is my biggest hope for the nanoFlash I've ordered.

Please don't tell me to reduce my pan rate. I know the arguement, it's valid, up to a point. Motion artifacts can occur in other instances where in frame motion is a big part of the image frame.

Hi Bill-
Just wanted to point out that the Sony MPEG2 module used in XDR/nano actually has two hardware CODEC chips for 4:2:2 processing (same chip as used in the EX1/EX3, but two instead of one). I suspect that Sony sends the luminance data to one CODEC and the chrominance data to the second chip. You therefore, should have considerable more processing power to further eliminate motion artifacts.

Many people examined the high-motion airplane footage we played this past week at IBC. No one noticed any blocky or dropped frames whatsoever. We showed some very high-motion scenes with water and smoke. All captured at 50Mbps 4:2:2.

So, the higher bit rate should help, but the additional MPEG2 processing power should also minimize motion artifacts.

wow! great info. thanx, Mike.

Thanks Mike...
Man, the XDR/Nano are really going to offer a lot for the XDCAM users.
I'm looking forward to owning one.

I haven't had time to get back here and join in the discussion, but I've taken that original side by side image I posted, kept it at 100% native rez and made a layered Photoshop file out of it. You can now just toggle the top layer on and off to compare, while zooming your view to any degree of magnification you want.

http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/EX1_8bitVrs35mb_layers.psd

I also mention an error, on that original image I put text saying it was 600X. I meant 6X or 600% enlargement. Sorry for the confusion.

In addition, in hopes of making this even more clear, I did another test, this one photographing solid chroma shapes with vibrant colors side by side, and captured SXS and 8bit 4:2:2 uncompressed and made a layered Photoshop file out it, same as above, as well as a 400% enlarged side by side .png for easy web viewing.

http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/EX1_8bitVrs35mb_layers_2.png

http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/EX1_8bitVrs35mb_layers_2.psd

The results are very striking, as it also shows some of the subtle textural differences between the two color spaces as well as the broad edge differences. It also should make clear that the HD-SDI out isn't simply chroma-smoothed 4:2:0 passed off as 4:2:2.

Finally, I want to point out a few of the reasons I'm personally excited about the NanoFlash.

First, it helps keep the EX1 and the work I do in green screen competitive with other camera systems, such as full blown F900 and RED packages. I know one client of mine interested in the NanoFlash as a record alternative to HDCAM for his F900 for green screen shoots. Currently, the only way he can get this high of quality is to record out the F900 "live" into either a single channel of an HDCAM SR deck, or into an NLE system.

Second, the NanoFlash gives you the recording quality of two generations down the line in Sony prosumer camera systems with today's existing camera. How so? As Mike mentioned, they're using Sonys MPEG module which is already over designed for the needs of either the EX1 or any other Sony mid-range system. It will be the cornerstone of several generations of cameras. I'm sure the follow-up to the EX1/EX3 will be 50 Mb/sec 4:2:2, and the generation after that might be 100/160 Mb/sec with I-frame recording ability. You get that TODAY. Not three years from now.

Third, for client playback and special presentations in D-Cinema theatre, the NanoFlash will allow you to walk in and play back something from a device the size of a pack of smokes that blows away not only Bluray, but an HDCAM deck.

Cool beans, I say.

Regards,

Jim Arthurs

I've said this before and I'll say it again - what motion artifacts?? I've been using the EX for lots of fast moving aircraft filming and I have not seen ANY. I also see no more loss of definition in fast pans than I do with footage filmed on our HDCam790.

Jim - excellent demonstration! That should settle this once and for all. And you make some very good points about the Nano-Flash as well. Couple them with it needing memory a fraction of the price of SxS or P2, and outperforming recording wise all the SxS/P2 systems currently on the market and it really makes you think.

It does leave me wondering how much of the difference is due to colour space, and how much due to the compression. I'm assuming the examples are with an interlace signal signal, it would be interesting to see the difference in progressive mode.

It would also be interesting to see the comparison you give with the XDR 50 and 100Mbs modes as well.

I'm assuming the examples are with an interlace signal signal, it would be interesting to see the difference in progressive mode.
It would also be interesting to see the comparison you give with the XDR 50 and 100Mbs modes as well.

Actually, this latest test was my first time out with the new 23.976 PsF HD-SDI mode... my EX1 just got back from service with new firmware and this is a new feature. Nice not to have the 3:2 padding eating up precious uncompressed space!

I haven't tested the 50 Mb/sec mode, but from the limited samples I've seen, I feel it is probably the same level of compression as current EX1 35Mb/sec, with the difference in data rate to handle the increased color space. The 100 Mb/sec is where you get your big compression benefits.

Regards,

Jim ARthurs

Jim, once again your information has been EXTREMELY valuable.
You have always been a great asset to these technical video conferences.

If these examples do not bring closure to this, nothing short of branding 4:2:2 on the side of the camera and having the president bless it will. LOL

This example is a PRIME 4:2:2 example.
http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/EX1_8bitVrs35mb_layers_2.png


Not to mention using SDI to capture the cleanest possible from the EX1 / EX3.

I want to point out a few of the reasons I'm personally excited about the NanoFlash.

Cineform is also working on its own hardware recorder that will have HD-SDI option.

That one captures directly into Cineform Prospect HD format on CF card.

Here:

CineForm - Frequently Asked Questions (http://www.cineform.com/products/CineFormRecorder.htm)

If these examples do not bring closure to this, nothing short of branding 4:2:2 on the side of the camera and having the president bless it will. LOL


Thanks Steven! Of course if companies like Sony and Panasonic got all their folks on the same page, there would be lots less conflicting information floating around. It's hard to fault any individual who is told one thing when something else is being said by another from the same company.

Thanks for posting the comparison pics, Jim.
For me, they actually reinforced the point that the differences are minuscule and won't affect anything in practical terms, including green screen work. 600x magnification, and images look just the same to the eye, unless you digitally extract the difference, which seems to be not much either. And to capture this, you'll have to invest 75% more than the cam's cost?

Back to this thread though... isn't 422 suppose to have 2x more chroma information than 420? If so, how does that difference show, in layman terms?


Alex, here's a real world example of the difference in a key between 4:2:2 and 4:2:0. This is a bluescreen foreground shot by the EX1, keyed over a grey background in Digital Fusion. On the left is my uncompressed 4:2:2 capture, on the right is unfiltered 4:2:0. Notice the lack of definition between the shirt and background and the cross-hatch chroma stepping on the shoulder.

http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/DIGITAL_FUSION_uncomp_vrsXDCAM.jpg

In this next example, I've used some color space conversions and a blur to blur just the chroma and not the luma... just enough to blend out the cross-hatching in the chroma. Notice that while smooth now, the fine distinction between the shoulder and the background is gone.

http://ftp.datausa.com/imageshoppe/outgoing/EX1/DIGITAL_FUSION_uncomp_vrsXDCAMblurred.jpg

Cineform is also working on its own hardware recorder that will have HD-SDI option.


I like CineForm... any idea how far along this product is?

Regards,

Jim A.

I like CineForm... any idea how far along this product is?

Regards,

Jim A.

That's a good question shared by many.
One thing for sure, with Cineform codec many will be very interested in this product.

With all these SDI cameras now on the market and more becoming available, I'm hoping they release an SDI verison first.

Jim - your stills inspired me to look at my footage again, now at 4x and 8x magnification, frame by frame.

Yes, now I see that there's a clear difference in quality, HD-SDI being noticeably better for color fidelity, and even shapes of objects (I have a small red area surrounded by blue; in SxS footage its shape is slightly wrong because blue did bleed into red area. HD-SDI one shows correct shape and colors, as well as significantly less artifacts. Also greens overall are slightly better with HD-SDI. I did not notice much diff with blue channel, surprisingly to me.)

To me, this shows that EX1 in fact outputs different quality (better) signal over HD-SDI than being recorded to SxS card.

When I'm looking at the image at 100%, I can still see some difference in the problematic areas.

So I'm now convinced that EX1 in fact does output higher quality video over HD-SDI. Thanks for insisting, and for illustrating your point (although I have not seen such pronounced stepping in my own greenscreen images, thankfully. I suspect this is because your model wears green shirt that might have some blue color in its fabric, which results in the keyer eating into it at lower sampling. Just a thought.)

So I guess now we are down to practical ways of capturing that HD-SDI signal, especially in the field. (I do have a PC built with Hd-SDI capture card for in-studio work, and it is big and not very well suited to be hauled around...)

Since nanoFlash does not seem to offer uncompressed capture like you did in your illustration, how much of a quality difference can we expect in SxS vs nanoFlash?

(I'm not worrying about Cineform's upcoming recorder, btw - all my current footage is in Propsect HD codec, and I'm very happy with it. I just have to convert from MP4 - SxS card - or use HDlink for in-studio capture. If the video was recorded in Prospect HD in the field - all the better. Cineform says that they are working on the recorder... not fast enough, if you ask me! :)