I probably could have found this if I was a little more diligent searching, but I'm tired and 15 minutes is about all I can take...

Anyways, I'm shooting a short this month and I will be using a DVX100 for the first time...

Can some one give me the skinny on what the different custom color/picture settings are? (For instance, I've found mention of a "thick" or "thin" detail setting and I have no idea what these are...)

check the stickys mate, theres a PDF from rexel Australia which has all the settings and comparisons.
But
For a true colour rendition, make sure ur colour phasing is turned DOWN and master pedestal is also at least -2
detial level is ur detail, this is dependant on ur output
Thick for dvd/tv/plasma thin for film.
Also the 100a has afew different settings like vertical detail and detail coring. Turn coring all the way up :)

Also, Barry Green has put together a wonderfully helpful book/DVD package called, well, The DVX Book. It probably contains the answers to most of your questions.

http://www.dvxuser.com/articles/dvxbook/

Yeah, I knew about his book...I just didn't want to pay $65.00 for a book on a camera I might only be using once...

I didn't seem to find what I was looking for in the stickies. I mean, I found some panasonic literature, which included the manual--I guess I was looking for a little "dumber" version of what some of their terms meant--and also, some real world experience with the cam...

That book really will help you if this is your case. Buy it, use it, sell it. That's what most people seem to do with their training-type materials. You'll get back at least half your cost, and that's well worth it.